TBI Outcome Scale References General: Goka RS, Arakaki AH. Brain injury rehabilitation; the continuum of care. Brain Injury Rehabilitation 1994-95;26(4):420-25. Burke DC. Models of brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury1995;9(7):735-43. Kilgore KM. Measuring outcomes in the postacute continuum. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76(12):SC21-26. Hinderer, S. and K. Hinderer, Quantitative Methods of Evaluation, in Rehabilitation Medicine Principles and Practice, J. DeLisa, Editor. 1993, Lippincott Company: Philadelphia. Hall, K.: Functional measures after traumatic brain injury: ceiling effects of FIM, FIM+FAM, DRS and CIQ. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996. Hall KM. Overview of functional assessment scales in brain injury rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation 1992; 2(4):97-112. Whiteneck GG. Measuring what matters: key rehabilitation outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:1073-76.   Inter-rater and phone reliability References: Tepper, S., P. Beatty, and G. DeJong: Outcomes in traumatic brain injury: self-report versus report of significant others. Brain Injury 10:575, 1996. Sander, A., et al.: Agreement between persons with traumatic brain injury and their relatives regarding psychosocial outcome using the Community Integration Questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil In Press. Prigatano, G.P., Ph.D. and I.M. Altman, Ph.D.: Impaired awareness of behavioral limitations after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 71:1058, 1990. Goldstein, G. and M. McCue: Differences between patient and informant functional outcome ratings in head-injured individuals. International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health 1:25, 1995. Korner-Bitensky, N., et al.: Health-related information postdischarge: Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75:1287, 1994. Smith, P., et al.: Intermodal agreement of follow-up telephone functional assessment using the functional independence measure in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77:431, 1996.   References for Specific Scales: GCS: Gensemer IB, Smith JL, Walker JC, McMurry F, Indeck M, Brotman S. Psychological consequences of blunt head trauma and relation to other indices of severity of injury. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18(1):9-12. Rocca B, Martin C, Vivland K, Bidet PF, Saint-Gilles HL, Chevalier A. Comparison of four severity scores in patients with head trauma. J Trauma 1989;29(3):299-305.   PTA: Forrester G, Encel J, Geffen G. Measuring post-traumatic amnesia (PTA): An historical review. Brain Injury 1994; 8(2):175-184. Levin HS, O'Donnel VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979;167:675-684.   LCFS Gouvier WD, Blanton PD, LaPorte KK, Nepomuceno C. Reliability and validity of the Disability Rating Scale and the Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale in monitoring recovery from severe head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:94-97.   DRS: Fleming JM, Thy (Hons) BO, Maas F. Prognosis of rehabilitation outcome in head injury using disability rating scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75(2):156-163.   GOS: Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: A practical scale. Lancet 1975;1:480-484. Hall KM, Cope DN, Rappaport M. Glasgow outcome scale and Disability Rating Scale: comparative usefulness in following recovery in traumatic head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:35-37.   FIM+FAM: Hall KM, Hamilton BB, Gordon WA, Zasler ND. Characteristics and comparisons of functional assessment indices: Disability Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Functional Assessment Measure. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993;8(2):60-74.   FIM: Uniform Data Set for Medical Rehabilitation. State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, New York, 14214-3007. 1993, Version 4.0. (716) 829-2076. Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD, Granger CV, et al. The Structure and Stability of the Functional Independence Measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:127-132. Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. 1993, Buffalo, NY 716-829-2076, Fax 716-829-2080: SUNY, South Campus. Msall, M., et al.: The Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM). Conceptual basis and pilot use in children with developmental disabilities. Clinical Pediatrics 33:421, 1994. Msall, M., et al.: WeeFIM. Normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical Pediatrics 33:431, 1994. DiScala, C., et al.: Functional outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Agreement between clinical judgment and the Functional Independence Measure. Amer J Phys Med Rehabil 71:145, 1992.   Subjective Complaints: Englander J, Hall KM, Stimpson T, Chaffin S. Mild TBI in an insured population: Subjective complaints and return to employment. Brain Inj 1992;6(2):161-166.   Health: McDowell I, Newell C. Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires. 1987 Oxford University Press, New York. Ewing J. Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 1984;252(14):1905-07 (CAGE). Bergner M, Gilson BS, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB. Health Policy and Management, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 1976, revised 1981 (Sickness Impact Profile subscales).   Quality of Life: Gill TM, Feinstein AR. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA 1994;272(8):619-626. Ware JE et al. The Health Institute and International Resource Center Hospitals, Boston, MA, 1992 (SF-36 subscale). Berkman PL. California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, 1971 (Index of Psychological well-being). Radloff LS. Center for Epidemiological Studies at the National Institute of Mental Health, 1977 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).   Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS): Fordyce DJ, Roueche JR. Changes in perspective of disability among patients, staff, and relatives during rehabilitation of brain injury. Rehabil Psychol 1986;31(4):217-229. Prigatano GP, Altman IM. Impaired awareness of behavioral limitations after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71(12):1058-1064.   CIQ: Corrigan JD, Deming R. Psychometric characteristics of the Community Integration Questionnaire: Replication and extension. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995;10(4):41-53. Willer B, Ottenbacher KJ, Coad ML. The community integration questionnaire: a comparative examination. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994;73:103-111.   CHART: Whiteneck G et al. Quantifying handicap: a new measure of long-term rehabilitation outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:519-526.   Rasch Analysis/Rehabits: Wright B., Stone M. Best Test Design: Rasch Measurement. Chicago, Ill: Mesa Press; 1979. Fisher WP Jr., Harvey RF, Taylor P, Kilgore CM, Kelley K. Rehabits: A common language of functional assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76(2):113-122.   Service Utilization: National Health Interview Survey, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HIS-2, 1994).