Introduction to the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale

The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) was developed to address the limitations of the original GOS, including the use of broad categories that are insensitive to change and difficulties with reliability due to lack of a structured interview format. The GOS-E extends the original 5 GOS categories to 8. The 8 categories are: Dead, Vegetative State, Lower Severe Disability, Upper Severe Disability, Lower Moderate Disability, Upper Moderate Disability, Lower Good Recovery, and Upper Good Recovery. A structured interview has been provided to improve reliability of rating. Good interrater reliability and content validity have been demonstrated for the GOS-E (see Properties for further details). Compared to the GOS, the GOS-E has been shown to be more sensitive to change in mild to moderate TBI.

Information regarding the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale was contributed by The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research. Please contact Angelle Sander, PhD at for questions regarding the presented information.

If you find the information in the COMBI useful, please mention it when citing sources of information. The information on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale may be cited as:

Sander, A. (2002). The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. The Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury. http://www.tbims.org/combi/gose ( accessed ).*

*Note: This citation is for the COMBI web material. Dr. Sander is not the scale author for the GOS-E.